Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Article Title: Tissue transglutaminase activates integrin-linked kinase and β-catenin in ovarian cancer
doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102242
Figure Lengend Snippet: TG2–FN clusters activate β-catenin in OC cells. A , WB for p-FAK Tyr576/577 , FAK, p-ILK Ser246 , ILK, TG2, and GAPDH in OVCAR-5 cells stably transduced with scrambled- or TG2-targeting shRNA and plated on FN-coated plates for 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h. Densitometry quantifies p-FAK Tyr576/577 /FAK and p-ILK Ser246 /ILK ratios and TG2 expression levels (N = 3; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001). B , WB for non–p-active β-catenin, p-GSKα/β Ser21/9 , GSKα/β, TG2, and GAPDH in OVCAR-5 cells stably transduced with scrambled- or TG2-targeting shRNA and plated on FN-coated plates for 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h. Densitometry quantifies non–p-active β-catenin expression levels and p-GSKα/β Ser21/9 /GSKα/β ratio (N = 3; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001). All antibodies (Abs) were probed on the same membrane. For consistency, the same TG2 and GAPDH representative WB images and TG2 quantification are shown in A and B . C , WB for p-FAK Tyr576/577 , FAK, p-ILK Ser246 , ILK, TG2, and GAPDH in OVCAR-5 cells stably transduced with TG2-targeting shRNA, transfected with pCMV3- TGM2 -C-His, and plated on FN-coated plates for 2 h. Densitometry quantifies p-FAK Tyr576/577 /FAK and p-ILK Ser246 /ILK ratios and TG2 expression levels (N = 3; ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001). D , WB for non–p-active β-catenin, p-GSKα/β Ser21/9 , GSKα/β, and GAPDH in OVCAR-5 cells stably transduced with TG2-targeting shRNA, transfected with pCMV3- TGM2 -C-His, and plated on FN-coated plates for 2 h. Densitometry quantifies non–p-active β-catenin expression levels and p-GSKα/β Ser21/9 /GSKα/β ratio (N = 3; ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001). All Abs were probed on the same membrane. For consistency, the same TG2 and GAPDH representative WB images and TG2 quantification are shown in C and D . E , IF staining for TG2 (Alexa Fluor 488, green ) and non–p-active β-catenin (Alexa Fluor 568, red ) in OVCAR-5 cells sh-Ctr or sh-TG2 KD plated on FN for 2 h. F and G , quantification of Alexa Fluor 488 ( green ) and Alexa Fluor 568 ( red ) proteins was calculated by using Metamorph software (N = 3; ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001). H , OVCAR-5 cells sh-Ctr or sh-TG2 KD were cotransfected with TCF/LEF1 luciferase reporter and Renilla control plasmid and plated on FN for 2 h. Luciferase signal relative to Renilla activity is expressed as fold increase (N = 6; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001). I , real-time PCR for c-Myc in OVCAR-5 cells sh-Ctr or sh-TG2 KD plated on FN-coated plates for 2 h (N = 6; ∗∗∗ p < 0.001). FAK, focal adhesion kinase; FN, fibronectin; GSKα/β, glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β; IF, immunofluorescence; ILK, integrin-linked kinase; KD, knockdown; LEF1, lymphoid enhancer–binding factor 1; OC, ovarian cancer; TCF, T-cell factor; TG2, tissue transglutaminase; WB, Western blot.
Article Snippet: Full-length clone DNA of human TGM2 with C-terminal His tag and full-length clone DNA of human ILK with C-terminal FLAG tag were inserted into pCMV3 vectors (SinoBiological) and stably transfected in sh-TG2 SKOV3 (#1) and OVCAR-5 (#1) cells using DreamFect Gold transfection reagent, followed by hygromycin selection.
Techniques: Stable Transfection, Transduction, shRNA, Expressing, Transfection, Staining, Software, Luciferase, Plasmid Preparation, Activity Assay, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunofluorescence, Binding Assay, Western Blot